To what degree MDF is sustainable, depends on several factors.

First, it is important to understand whether the material has been made from a wood waste or from virgin wood fibers. Reusing wood waste is a sustainable solution, while the use of virgin wood fibers contributes to deforestation and environmental degradation. Some manufacturers also use recycled paper and cardboard. Secondly, the origin of the glue used to form MDF is crucial. Typically, formaldehyde-based resins are used, which can emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are harmful to human health. However, there are naturally-based alternatives to formaldehyde-based adhesives – such as potato-based glues.


In most cases, MDF is made up of 82% wood fibre, 9% urea-formaldehyde resin glue, 8% water, and 1% paraffin wax.

MDF is susceptible to water. It can withstand humidity and moisture, but if exposed to water, MDF sheets begin to swell and bend. MDF holds and binds to all colors very easily. It can be painted and coated with a variety of oil and water based paints and varnishes.

MDF is very similar to particle boards, they mainly differ in the size and types of wood fibers: MDF comprises smaller wood particles in the uniformed size. Also, particle board has coarse surface compared to MDF. Particleboard is lighter when compared to MDF in the same size. All in all, MDF is a bit more durable.

Currently, MDF can not be recycled: the wood fibres are glued together which makes material difficult to reuse and recycle. Because of synthetic glues, MDF is not biodegradable either. 

More sustainable alternatives are: Wheatboard, cork, hemp.